Pc assembling

HARDWARE AND NETWORKING

Structure of Motherboard

MOTHERBOARD

The motherboard is the main circuit board in a PC. It contains all the circuits and components that run the PC.

Major Components found on the motherboard are:

• CPU - the Central Processing Unit is often an Intel Pentium or Celeron processor. It is the heart of every PC. All scheduling, computation and control occurs here.
  
  
• BIOS - Basic Input Output System is a non-volatile memory that contains configuration information about the PC. It contains all the code required for the CPU to communicate with the keyboard, mouse video display, disk drives and communications devices.
  
  
  When a PC is powered on it uses the BIOS 'boot code' to set up many required functions that bring the PC to a point where it is ready to work.
  
  
• RTC - the Real Time Clock chip keeps date, day and time in a 24 hour format just like your watch. The PC uses this clock to 'time stamp' files as they are created and modified. When you print a file it time stamps the pages as they are printed.
  
  
• Chip Set - these are large chip(s) that integrate many functions that used to be found in separate smaller chips on the motherboard. They save space and cost.
  
  
  The functions performed by these chip sets often broken into two devices with one providing an interface from the CPU to the memory and the other providing controllers for IDE, ISA, PCI and USB devices (see below).
  
  

Primary Connectors found on the motherboard are:

• Power - A 20 pin connector accepts a plug from the power supply. This plug carry DC power to all the circuits on the motherboard.
  
  
• Keyboard - A Mini-din 6-pin (round) connector found at the back of the motherboard is where the keyboard plugs in.
  
  
• Mouse - A Mini-din 6-pin connector found next to the keyboard connector is where the where the mouse plugs in.
  
  
• Display - This connector is not integrated into the motherboard but is included in this list since its function is absolutely necessary. It is a 15-pin, D-shell type connector found on a video card that plugs into the AGP connector of the motherboard (see below).
  
  
• IDE - stands for Integrated Drive Electronics. These are 40 pin connectors that provide a place to connect the ribbon cables from the drives (hard and CD/DVD). All data between the motherboard and the drives is carried in these cables. They are not accessible unless the PC cover is removed.
  
  
• FDD connector - it is similar in function to the IDE connector. It is a 34 pin ribbon connector that carries data between the motherboard and any floppy drive installed in the PC. Not accessible with PC cover on.
  
  
• DRAM - Dynamic Random Access Memory connectors for SIMM and DIMM type memory modules. Not accessible with chassis cover on.
  
  
• Serial Connectors
  
  
  • Standard Serial Connector - This connector has been around in PCs since they first appeared. It was originally located on ISA expansion type cards (see below). Today it is an integral part of newer motherboards. It is a 9- pin, D-shell connector that allows you to connect external devices with serial ports to your PC. The maximum data rate is 115 KB/s.
    
    
  • USB - Universal Serial Bus This is a relatively new serial bus. Originally specified as low speed, 1.2 Mb/s, it was enhanced to full speed, 12Mb/s. The latest version 2.0 is specified as high speed, 400 MB/s.
    
    
    Someday USB will completely replace the standard serial connector that has been the workhorse serial port in earlier PCs. USB is now a standard connector on all new motherboards.
    
    
    Unlike serial and parallel ports, the USB port is designed to power devices connected to it. The devices must be low power devices and must be able to reduce their current draw to less than 0.5uAmps when commanded to do so by the PC.
    
    
• Parallel Connectors
  
  
  • Centronix or Standard Parallel - This connector has been around in PCs since they first appeared. It has 37-pins and is now integrated on new motherboards. It is usually used to connect your printer to the PC and moves data at about 1MB/s.
    
    
  • SCSI - Small Computer System Interface moves data at a maximum of up to 80Mb/s. It not integrated into most PC motherboards. It can be added to a PC as an Expansion card (see below). Some printers and hard disk drives use SCSI interfaces.
    
    
• Expansion Card Connectors - The CPU connects to expansion card connectors through one of the chip set ICs mentioned above. They are located on the motherboard near the rear of the PC. These connectors allow special function cards to plug into and work with the PC.
  
  
  Before motherboards integrated the serial and centronix connectors they were found on expansion boards that plugged into ISA slots.
  
  
  Most PCs have the following expansion connector types:
  
  
  • ISA - Industry Standard Architecture connectors have been around since 1980 and first appeared in the IBM XT PC. This type of slot still appears on some newer motherboards so that older expansion boards can still be used. However, many motherboards no longer have ISA connectors on them.
    
    
  • PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect is a newer and faster interface that accepts all expansion cards that have a PCI interface.
    
    
  • AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port is a connector that is designed to work with video cards. Your video display plugs into and is controlled by one of these video cards. Many modern video cards offer enhanced 3D-graphics and fast, full motion video.

How to Build a Wireless Ethernet Bridge Between Buildings

Related Searches:

• Belkin Wireless Bridge
• Wireless Setup

Creating a wireless bridge between two local networks established in different buildings will enable the computers on one network to "talk" to the computers on the other network. Accomplish this by using the network bridge settings located in the network options of your Windows operating system of any network computer, a process that takes about 10 minutes.

Difficulty:

Moderately Easy

Instructions

1. • 1
     Open "Start" and click "Control Panel."
   • 2
     Select the "Network and Sharing Center."
   • 3
     Click "Manage Network Connections."
   • 4
     Hold "Ctrl" while clicking each connection you wish to be bridged.
   • 5
     Right click any highlighted connection and select "Bridge Connection."

 

How to Build a Computer Network System

 

A network allows multiple computers to send files and folders to one another, share a single Internet connection and print from the same printer. Although setting up a network used to be a challenging task, modern operating systems do most of the software configuration automatically, so setup is simple even for a novice user.
You will need to connect each computer to a router. This acts as a switching station, directing signals from and to the appropriate systems. Although a hub or a switch can be used instead of a router, a router is recommended because of its stability and more advanced features.

Difficulty:

Moderately Easy

Instructions

Things You'll Need

• Router Ethernet cable Network cards

1. • 1
     Locate the router in a central location and plug it into a wall. If it has a power switch, turn it on. To share a high-speed Internet connection, such as DSL or cable, plug the modem's Ethernet cord into the Internet port on the back of the router. This will normally be labeled "Internet," "WAN" or "WWW."
   • 2
     Connect an Ethernet cable into the networking jack on the back of each computer. Run the cables along a path that's out of the way and won't cause people to trip. Connect the other end of the Ethernet cables to any of the numbered ports on the back of the router. As each computer is connected, a new light on the front of the router should turn on.
   • 3
     Power on all of the computers, and run the operating system's network configuration program. In Windows XP, for example, this is the "Network Setup Wizard" located under the "Control Panel." In Windows Vista, click "Network and Internet" under the "Control Panel," followed by "Network Sharing Center" and then "Setup a connection or network." Macintosh systems will normally configure the network by themselves.
   • 4
     Walk through the steps in the installation wizard. It will ask you a few questions about the network, such as what type of Internet connection is being used. Finally, you will be asked if you want to enable file and printer sharing. If you say no, only the Internet connection will be shared among the computers. If you say yes, then all of the network printers and shared document folders will be available for each computer to access.

 

Database Administrator

Job Description:

Also called Hardware Technician, IT Support Technician, User Support Specialist
In summary
Help Desk professionals are usually the first point of contact for either external clients or internal customers who require help with problems or queries regarding technical issues.
A help desk professional may

• provide support to end users either over the phone Internet or in person, and solve their computing problems in a timely manner
• monitor equipment for errors or stoppages and take remedial action
• troubleshoot difficult or unusual situations
• undertake back-up and recovery activities
• perform routine maintenance and cleaning of equipment
• document and review processes and procedures
• attend relevant product and skill courses

What learning areas and study is needed?

• Entry is generally through an AQF Diploma or higher qualification or at least three years relevant work experience
• A good understanding of PCs, operating systems, networking and applications

This career would appeal to people who

• are comfortable liaising with customers of varying expertise and seniority
• have excellent problem solving skills and the ability to make decisions independently
• can work well under pressure and can prioritise work
• have good communication and listening skills
• enjoy communicating with people with patience, energy and respect
• have the flexibility to work on a rotating shift and on-call
• have knowledge of operating systems, hardware operation, leading software, local and wide area networks

Remuneration and job prospects?
Salaries range from $37,000 to $48,000, depending on age and years experience. Job prospects are strong, although people tend to use the role as a stepping stone to their next career step.
Career Path:
Starting out
Help desk professionals start out responding user technical issues over the phone, the Internet or in person. They can progress to become a Help Desk supervisor or team leader.
Going towards
Help desk professionals can move on to more advanced technical roles, such as system or network administrator, application developer or database administrator. They may also go on to become IT trainers.

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